MUHAMMAD AZMI ARIS As OFIFICE BOY
LUTHFI NOVALDANY RUSWIN As CLIENT
FANDY PUTRA MUHAMMAD As EMPLOYEE
GIAN GIODANI GUSVERO As HEAD OFFICE
plan of building one thousand one hundred level
At Office - first floor 10.00 AM
CLIENT : Assalamualaikum
OB : Waalaikumussalam… Hello miss, can I help you??
CLIENT : Oh, yes I need your help.
OB : Need help what?
CLIENT : I want to meet with the head office here ..
OB : head of office space on the second floor
CLIENT : thank you
OB : youre welcome
At Office - Second Floor 10.35 AM
CLIENT : Assalamualaikum
HEAD OFFICE : Walaikumusssalam
CLIENT : hey, Mr.Gio
HEAD OFFICE : hello Mr Luthfi
CLIENT : how about we plan to make building a thousand level?
HEAD OFFICE : relax. thousand level is easy for me ...
CLIENT : ooh .. so apparently
Suddenly. . Office - second floor 11.10 AM
EMPLOYEE : Hello All.. Ouch(as he hit the table)! Im sorry.. Head Office HEAD OFFICE : no problem.. call the office boy to clean up the files that are scattered, please
EMPLOYEE : Okay. Here you are.. Office Boy come here please …
OB : Sure..
EMPLOYEE : clean up the files that are scattered about this please !
OB : No problem with me…
EMPLOYEE : thank you very much..
OB : That’s all right..
after care of the things that went wrong.. Office – second floor 11.50 AM
HEAD OFFICE : I'm sorry because a lot of time wasted ... once again I'm sorry
CLIENT : Never mind..
HEAD OFFICE : how about building a thousand-level development plans we continue tomorrow? because time does not allow ..
CLIENT : good. tomorrow we go again ... assalamualaikum..
HEAD OFFICE : waalaikumussalam..
thank you been watching our short drama
Sabtu, 11 Desember 2010
Jumat, 10 Desember 2010
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The process of the present invention solves the above described problems. Short reaction times are sufficient (reaction times are usually in the order of up to 1 hour at most), relatively low capital requirements are necessary and a constant product consistency is obtained. Operational costs are low when compared with the known processes. These advantages are obtained by mixing the reactants, transferring the mixture to a moving surface at a suitable temperature to form a reacting layer and allowing the components to react on the moving surface. Optionally further heating and/or cooling may be applied to the reaction mixture on the moving surface to create the desired temperature profile. It will be appreciated that an ideal plug flow is obtained in this way, resulting in the high product quality.
Thus, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an advanced resin by reaction of a compound having on average more than one epoxy group per molecule and a compound having on average at least one hydroxyl group or carboxyl group per molecule, in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperature, the process comprising (1) mixing the epoxy compound with the compound having at least one hydroxyl compound or carboxyl compound and the catalyst, and (2) transferring the mixture as a feedstream to a surface which is at least intermittently moving with respect to the feedstream.
The process of the present invention solves the above described problems. Short reaction times are sufficient (reaction times are usually in the order of up to 1 hour at most), relatively low capital requirements are necessary and a constant product consistency is obtained. Operational costs are low when compared with the known processes. These advantages are obtained by mixing the reactants, transferring the mixture to a moving surface at a suitable temperature to form a reacting layer and allowing the components to react on the moving surface. Optionally further heating and/or cooling may be applied to the reaction mixture on the moving surface to create the desired temperature profile. It will be appreciated that an ideal plug flow is obtained in this way, resulting in the high product quality.
Thus, the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an advanced resin by reaction of a compound having on average more than one epoxy group per molecule and a compound having on average at least one hydroxyl group or carboxyl group per molecule, in the presence of a catalyst at elevated temperature, the process comprising (1) mixing the epoxy compound with the compound having at least one hydroxyl compound or carboxyl compound and the catalyst, and (2) transferring the mixture as a feedstream to a surface which is at least intermittently moving with respect to the feedstream.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an advanced resin.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Epoxy resins are well known in the art. In combination with a suitable curing agent, they result in thermosetting products showing superior toughness, chemical resistance, heat resistance, adhesion and electrical properties.
The most common types of epoxy resins are those which are based on bisphenol-A and which contain 1,2-epoxy groups. These compounds can be made by reaction of bisphenol-A with epichlorohydrin. The reaction is often carried out in such a way that liquid reaction products are obtained, but higher molecular weight semi-solid and solid products are also produced in this way. Another process to produce higher molecular weight semi-solid and solid resinous polyepoxides is a process known as "upgrading" or "advancement". In such an upgrading or advancement process, usually an initially liquid resinous polyepoxide is reacted with a dihydric phenol in the presence of a catalyst until the required amount of the dihydric phenol is incorporated in the epoxy chain to increase the molecular weight to the desired level.
It will be appreciated that said upgrading or advancement process as described hereinbefore with reference to dihydric phenol, can also be carried out using carboxyl compound or other hydroxyl compounds.
Such upgrading processes have been described in the past both on a batch basis and on a continuous basis, see e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,547,881, 3,919,169 and 4,105,634. In such known batch and continuous processes, the dihydric phenol and liquid epoxy resin are mixed together at a relatively low temperature and then heated up to the reaction temperature and held at elevated temperature for the time sufficient to produce the resinous epoxy compound of the higher molecular weight. The catalyst is usually added either to the starting reaction mixture at the relatively low temperature or after heating of the reacting mixture to the reaction temperature.
In such known batch and continuous upgrading processes, however, cycle times, including dumping, are typically relatively lengthy. For example, batch processes involving bisphenol-A and a liquid polyepoxide consisting essentially of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A can take from 4 to 20 hours for the reaction to be completed. Further, the homogeneity of temperature in a large kettle reactor is complicated by heat transfer, i.e. the heat of reaction is more difficult to control and localized high heats will cause adverse reactions to occur, e.g. crosslinking and/or gelling. Furthermore, the reaction may continue during dumping when the conditions are less controlled, resulting in different conditions for different batches and thus in different product properties for each batch. The continuous process using a pipe reactor described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,919,169 involves a shorter reaction time in the order of about two hours, but in a continuous process it would be highly advantageous if the reaction time could be significantly lower. Also, due to the flow profile in a pipe, the use of pipe reactors often results in a rather broad molecular weight distribution and in a fouling of the reactor wall, ultimately resulting in a thick layer of deposited material which needs regular cleaning.
In addition to economies of time, long reaction times can lead to a relatively wide molecular weight distribution which may in their turn lead to end use disadvantages. For example, surface coating imperfections due to gel particles (MEK-insolubles, MEK is methyl ethyl ketone) have been observed when molecular weight distribution and concomitant viscosity characteristics are not properly controlled.
Another possibility to produce advanced epoxy resin is the use of an extruder process. However, there are numerous disadvantages to such a process. The investment costs are relatively high, the more because high performance extruders are needed (to avoid any stagnant zones). Further, a relatively high effort is needed to operate the extruder, maintenance is cumbersome and the product quality is not optimal, especially due to gel formation (gel particles which do not dissolve in MEK). These gel particles may result in a low quality cured product. Another disadvantage is the relatively short residence time in an extruder (typically up to five minutes). This short residence time results in the need to use relatively high catalyst concentration to complete the reaction, as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,612,156.
In addition it is observed that, depending on the intended use of the advanced resin, in some cases the upgrading process is preferably carried out in the absence of a solvent in order to avoid solvent stripping and vacuum devolatilization since even then the final product contains significant amounts of undesirable solvents. These residual solvents may cause numerous problems when the product is fabricated into a usable product, such as films, by coextrusion or moulding. The residual solvents require extensive vacuum drying to prevent voids in the film and moulded articles. The hazard of solvents being released from a product during fabrication could cause a problem unless proper venting is employed. Solvents may have an adverse effect on polymer properties such as stability, colour, haze etc.
It will be appreciated that depending on the relative amounts of epoxy compound and the compound having at least one hydroxyl compound or carboxyl compound, the end product is epoxy compound or a hydroxyl or carboxyl compound. The above described problems, however, hold for all end products.
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an advanced resin.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Epoxy resins are well known in the art. In combination with a suitable curing agent, they result in thermosetting products showing superior toughness, chemical resistance, heat resistance, adhesion and electrical properties.
The most common types of epoxy resins are those which are based on bisphenol-A and which contain 1,2-epoxy groups. These compounds can be made by reaction of bisphenol-A with epichlorohydrin. The reaction is often carried out in such a way that liquid reaction products are obtained, but higher molecular weight semi-solid and solid products are also produced in this way. Another process to produce higher molecular weight semi-solid and solid resinous polyepoxides is a process known as "upgrading" or "advancement". In such an upgrading or advancement process, usually an initially liquid resinous polyepoxide is reacted with a dihydric phenol in the presence of a catalyst until the required amount of the dihydric phenol is incorporated in the epoxy chain to increase the molecular weight to the desired level.
It will be appreciated that said upgrading or advancement process as described hereinbefore with reference to dihydric phenol, can also be carried out using carboxyl compound or other hydroxyl compounds.
Such upgrading processes have been described in the past both on a batch basis and on a continuous basis, see e.g. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,547,881, 3,919,169 and 4,105,634. In such known batch and continuous processes, the dihydric phenol and liquid epoxy resin are mixed together at a relatively low temperature and then heated up to the reaction temperature and held at elevated temperature for the time sufficient to produce the resinous epoxy compound of the higher molecular weight. The catalyst is usually added either to the starting reaction mixture at the relatively low temperature or after heating of the reacting mixture to the reaction temperature.
In such known batch and continuous upgrading processes, however, cycle times, including dumping, are typically relatively lengthy. For example, batch processes involving bisphenol-A and a liquid polyepoxide consisting essentially of the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A can take from 4 to 20 hours for the reaction to be completed. Further, the homogeneity of temperature in a large kettle reactor is complicated by heat transfer, i.e. the heat of reaction is more difficult to control and localized high heats will cause adverse reactions to occur, e.g. crosslinking and/or gelling. Furthermore, the reaction may continue during dumping when the conditions are less controlled, resulting in different conditions for different batches and thus in different product properties for each batch. The continuous process using a pipe reactor described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,919,169 involves a shorter reaction time in the order of about two hours, but in a continuous process it would be highly advantageous if the reaction time could be significantly lower. Also, due to the flow profile in a pipe, the use of pipe reactors often results in a rather broad molecular weight distribution and in a fouling of the reactor wall, ultimately resulting in a thick layer of deposited material which needs regular cleaning.
In addition to economies of time, long reaction times can lead to a relatively wide molecular weight distribution which may in their turn lead to end use disadvantages. For example, surface coating imperfections due to gel particles (MEK-insolubles, MEK is methyl ethyl ketone) have been observed when molecular weight distribution and concomitant viscosity characteristics are not properly controlled.
Another possibility to produce advanced epoxy resin is the use of an extruder process. However, there are numerous disadvantages to such a process. The investment costs are relatively high, the more because high performance extruders are needed (to avoid any stagnant zones). Further, a relatively high effort is needed to operate the extruder, maintenance is cumbersome and the product quality is not optimal, especially due to gel formation (gel particles which do not dissolve in MEK). These gel particles may result in a low quality cured product. Another disadvantage is the relatively short residence time in an extruder (typically up to five minutes). This short residence time results in the need to use relatively high catalyst concentration to complete the reaction, as illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,612,156.
In addition it is observed that, depending on the intended use of the advanced resin, in some cases the upgrading process is preferably carried out in the absence of a solvent in order to avoid solvent stripping and vacuum devolatilization since even then the final product contains significant amounts of undesirable solvents. These residual solvents may cause numerous problems when the product is fabricated into a usable product, such as films, by coextrusion or moulding. The residual solvents require extensive vacuum drying to prevent voids in the film and moulded articles. The hazard of solvents being released from a product during fabrication could cause a problem unless proper venting is employed. Solvents may have an adverse effect on polymer properties such as stability, colour, haze etc.
It will be appreciated that depending on the relative amounts of epoxy compound and the compound having at least one hydroxyl compound or carboxyl compound, the end product is epoxy compound or a hydroxyl or carboxyl compound. The above described problems, however, hold for all end products.
Rabu, 08 Desember 2010
MANUSIA SBG MAKHLUK EKONOMI N SOSIAL
Manusia sebagai makhluk ekonomi dan makhluk social menjelaskan bagaimana manusia memenuhi kebutuhan, bertindak sebagai makhluk ekonomi dan makhluk social. Makhluk ekonomi merupakan hasrat manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan(individu). Sedangkan Makhluk social adalah hasrat manusia memerlukan bantuan orang lain. Tapi mereka sama-sama mendorong manusia melakuka kerjasama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup.
Manusia sebagai makhluk ekonomi dan makhluk social harus memperhatikan pemanfaatan sumber daya ekonomi. Selain yang disebutkan tadi, manusia sebagai makhluk ekonomi dan makhluk social membutuhkan ilmu ekonomi (pasti). Ilmu ekonomi akan timbul akibat adanya kebutuhan manusia yang tidak terbatas dan sumber daya ekonomi yang terbatas. Kedua itu menyebabkan manusia untuk melakukan pilihan-pilihan ekonomi.
GGG
Manusia sebagai makhluk ekonomi dan makhluk social harus memperhatikan pemanfaatan sumber daya ekonomi. Selain yang disebutkan tadi, manusia sebagai makhluk ekonomi dan makhluk social membutuhkan ilmu ekonomi (pasti). Ilmu ekonomi akan timbul akibat adanya kebutuhan manusia yang tidak terbatas dan sumber daya ekonomi yang terbatas. Kedua itu menyebabkan manusia untuk melakukan pilihan-pilihan ekonomi.
GGG
Minggu, 05 Desember 2010
TONGUE TWISTER
ECAFE LEARNING - TONGUE TWISTER
Acholi, Acoli or Lwo
Lagwok gwokke; Ogwok gwoke lagwok.
Afrikaans
Wat was was voor was was was?
Akan or Asante
Kwaa Paa ko pam kohunu mampam.
Gyae pam ko pam mampam.
Mampam foro pam na ampa?
Albanian
Shishja ishte në shesh dhe shishet ishin në sheshe.
Alur
Agwarawangawendo ogwaro wang awendo
Amharic, Ethiopian or Amarigna
Be bug bate, bug geba.
Arabic
al mesh'mesh dah mish mien meshmeshkum wikamah al mesh'mesh dah mish mien meshmeshnah.
Aragonese
Baxa t'abaxo lo faxo xuto de buxo y traye lo trallo tallau y trestallau.
Armenian
Փայտփորիկը փորեց փայտի փտած փորը:
P'aytp'oriky' p'orec p'ayti p'tac' p'ory':
Hübschmann-Meillet: P‘aytp‘orikǝ p‘orec‘ p‘ayti p‘tac p‘orǝ:
Assamese
Bogakoi Bogoli Boholai Bohise Bolukat Biyoli Bela.
Avar or Avaric
ункъазаралда ункънуcиялда ункъоялда ункъо къверкъ къвакъвалебуго кьода гъоркь
Unqʼazaralda unqʼnusiyalda unqʼoyalda unqʼo qʼwerqʼ qʼwaqʼwalebugo ƛʼoda ɣorƛʼ.
Azerbaijani or Azeri
Getdim gordum bir derede bir berber bir berberi ber-ber byirdir. Dedim ay berber niye bu berberi ber-ber beyirdirsen? Dedi buberber oglu men berber oglun ber-ber beyirdmeseydi men berber oglu bu berber oglun ber-ber beyirdmezdim.
Bengali or Bangla
chacha chnacha chata chnechona, aa-chnacha chata chnacho
Breton
C’hwec’h merc’h gwerc’h war c’hwec’h marc’h kalloc’h o tougen c’hwec’h sac’h kerc’h.
Bulgarian
Петър плет плете, по три пръта преплита, през три плета преплита. Плети Петре плета, подпри Петре плета, падна Петре плета!
Petr plet plete, po tri pleta preplita, prez tri pleta preplita. Pleti Petre pleta, podri Petre pleta, padna Petre pleta!
Catalan
Com a ploure, prou que plou, Pau, però plou poc.
Chinese, Mandarin
吃葡萄不吐葡萄皮，
不吃葡萄倒吐葡萄皮
chī pútáo bù tǔ pútáo pí
bù chī pútáo dào tǔ pútáo pí.
Chinese, Yue or Cantonese
白石白又滑
搬來白石搭白塔
白石塔白石搭
白石搭白塔
搭好白石塔
白塔白又滑
baak6 sek6 baak6 jau6 waat6
bun1 loi4 baak6 sek6 daap2 baak6 t'aap2
baak6 sek6 t'aap2 baak6 sek6 daap2
baak6 sek6 daap2 baak6 t'aap2
daap2 hou5 baak6 sek6 t'aap2
baak6 t'aap3 baak6 jau6 waat6
Croatian, Serbian and Bosnian
Na vrh brda vrba mrda.
Czech
Třista třicet tři stříbrných stříkaček stříkalo
přes třista třicet tři stříbrných střech.
Danish
Bispens gipsgebis
Dutch
Leentje leerde Lotje lopen op de lange Lindelaan.
Maar toen Lotje niet wilde lopen liet Leentje Lotje staan.
English
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
Acholi, Acoli or Lwo
Lagwok gwokke; Ogwok gwoke lagwok.
Afrikaans
Wat was was voor was was was?
Akan or Asante
Kwaa Paa ko pam kohunu mampam.
Gyae pam ko pam mampam.
Mampam foro pam na ampa?
Albanian
Shishja ishte në shesh dhe shishet ishin në sheshe.
Alur
Agwarawangawendo ogwaro wang awendo
Amharic, Ethiopian or Amarigna
Be bug bate, bug geba.
Arabic
al mesh'mesh dah mish mien meshmeshkum wikamah al mesh'mesh dah mish mien meshmeshnah.
Aragonese
Baxa t'abaxo lo faxo xuto de buxo y traye lo trallo tallau y trestallau.
Armenian
Փայտփորիկը փորեց փայտի փտած փորը:
P'aytp'oriky' p'orec p'ayti p'tac' p'ory':
Hübschmann-Meillet: P‘aytp‘orikǝ p‘orec‘ p‘ayti p‘tac p‘orǝ:
Assamese
Bogakoi Bogoli Boholai Bohise Bolukat Biyoli Bela.
Avar or Avaric
ункъазаралда ункънуcиялда ункъоялда ункъо къверкъ къвакъвалебуго кьода гъоркь
Unqʼazaralda unqʼnusiyalda unqʼoyalda unqʼo qʼwerqʼ qʼwaqʼwalebugo ƛʼoda ɣorƛʼ.
Azerbaijani or Azeri
Getdim gordum bir derede bir berber bir berberi ber-ber byirdir. Dedim ay berber niye bu berberi ber-ber beyirdirsen? Dedi buberber oglu men berber oglun ber-ber beyirdmeseydi men berber oglu bu berber oglun ber-ber beyirdmezdim.
Bengali or Bangla
chacha chnacha chata chnechona, aa-chnacha chata chnacho
Breton
C’hwec’h merc’h gwerc’h war c’hwec’h marc’h kalloc’h o tougen c’hwec’h sac’h kerc’h.
Bulgarian
Петър плет плете, по три пръта преплита, през три плета преплита. Плети Петре плета, подпри Петре плета, падна Петре плета!
Petr plet plete, po tri pleta preplita, prez tri pleta preplita. Pleti Petre pleta, podri Petre pleta, padna Petre pleta!
Catalan
Com a ploure, prou que plou, Pau, però plou poc.
Chinese, Mandarin
吃葡萄不吐葡萄皮，
不吃葡萄倒吐葡萄皮
chī pútáo bù tǔ pútáo pí
bù chī pútáo dào tǔ pútáo pí.
Chinese, Yue or Cantonese
白石白又滑
搬來白石搭白塔
白石塔白石搭
白石搭白塔
搭好白石塔
白塔白又滑
baak6 sek6 baak6 jau6 waat6
bun1 loi4 baak6 sek6 daap2 baak6 t'aap2
baak6 sek6 t'aap2 baak6 sek6 daap2
baak6 sek6 daap2 baak6 t'aap2
daap2 hou5 baak6 sek6 t'aap2
baak6 t'aap3 baak6 jau6 waat6
Croatian, Serbian and Bosnian
Na vrh brda vrba mrda.
Czech
Třista třicet tři stříbrných stříkaček stříkalo
přes třista třicet tři stříbrných střech.
Danish
Bispens gipsgebis
Dutch
Leentje leerde Lotje lopen op de lange Lindelaan.
Maar toen Lotje niet wilde lopen liet Leentje Lotje staan.
English
Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
Jumat, 03 Desember 2010
Did You Know??
Quantitative easing explained easily
Quantitative easing (QE) is a simple electronic method by which a government or central bank “prints more money” to support private banks. In short, another bank bailout.
The money is not actually physically printed at a mint or based on the value of gold or anything else; it is, believe it or not, created out of thin air and the value of it is established in a form of promissory notes, or bonds, which are available only through the banks who have, of course, received the quantitative easing.
The basic concept of quantitative easing is to increase the excess reserves of private banks. There is no other benefit to quantitative easing.
Keep in mind, at this time, that private banks in the West (U.S. and Europe) can borrow public money at 0% (zero percent) or close to it and lend it back (maybe) to the public at around 5% interest and up to 30% in some instances through credit multipliers. Thus private banks get money for nothing (no interest) AND get quantitative easing (which cost nothing to create) AND their success is guaranteed by the public, the latter known as public debt.
In simple terms
Imagine this: your acquaintance logs into his internet banking account, he wants more money, he changes his bank balance himself (something which you can’t do with your bank account). He transfers you an amount but asks for it back immediately. If you can not give him “his money” he sues the crap out of you and, God forbid, start foreclosure on your house. There, your acquaintance is a quantitative easer.
Quantitative easing debate
The practice of quantitative easing has raised a lot of debate – and not without reason. To date, quantitative easing has not stimulated any economy anywhere at any time in history, yet. It did, however, add significantly to bank profits. The Rolling Stone’s Matt Taibbi calls quantitative easing “The Hidden Government Subsidy for Banks.” Ellen Brown points out that “adding more reserves to a banking system that already has more reserves than it can use has no net effect on the money supply.” Robert Skidelsky says that “what matters is not printing money, but spending it.” David DeGraw feels that quantitative easing violates the rule of law.
As with all debates there are, obviously, two sides to the story. Quantitative easing does have support from some economists. But in general the public – the people who guarantee these funds – feel that the trillions of bailout dollars could be better spent elsewhere. And since you are the guarantor you surely should know what a trillion dollars look like. (Hint: just one trillion dollars in $1000 bills is 65 miles high, ala USA Watchdog. The bailouts total many trillions of dollars – nobody actually knows the precise amount.)
dikutip dari didyouknow.org on friday
Quantitative easing (QE) is a simple electronic method by which a government or central bank “prints more money” to support private banks. In short, another bank bailout.
The money is not actually physically printed at a mint or based on the value of gold or anything else; it is, believe it or not, created out of thin air and the value of it is established in a form of promissory notes, or bonds, which are available only through the banks who have, of course, received the quantitative easing.
The basic concept of quantitative easing is to increase the excess reserves of private banks. There is no other benefit to quantitative easing.
Keep in mind, at this time, that private banks in the West (U.S. and Europe) can borrow public money at 0% (zero percent) or close to it and lend it back (maybe) to the public at around 5% interest and up to 30% in some instances through credit multipliers. Thus private banks get money for nothing (no interest) AND get quantitative easing (which cost nothing to create) AND their success is guaranteed by the public, the latter known as public debt.
In simple terms
Imagine this: your acquaintance logs into his internet banking account, he wants more money, he changes his bank balance himself (something which you can’t do with your bank account). He transfers you an amount but asks for it back immediately. If you can not give him “his money” he sues the crap out of you and, God forbid, start foreclosure on your house. There, your acquaintance is a quantitative easer.
Quantitative easing debate
The practice of quantitative easing has raised a lot of debate – and not without reason. To date, quantitative easing has not stimulated any economy anywhere at any time in history, yet. It did, however, add significantly to bank profits. The Rolling Stone’s Matt Taibbi calls quantitative easing “The Hidden Government Subsidy for Banks.” Ellen Brown points out that “adding more reserves to a banking system that already has more reserves than it can use has no net effect on the money supply.” Robert Skidelsky says that “what matters is not printing money, but spending it.” David DeGraw feels that quantitative easing violates the rule of law.
As with all debates there are, obviously, two sides to the story. Quantitative easing does have support from some economists. But in general the public – the people who guarantee these funds – feel that the trillions of bailout dollars could be better spent elsewhere. And since you are the guarantor you surely should know what a trillion dollars look like. (Hint: just one trillion dollars in $1000 bills is 65 miles high, ala USA Watchdog. The bailouts total many trillions of dollars – nobody actually knows the precise amount.)
dikutip dari didyouknow.org on friday
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